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People with congestive heart failure (CHF) are educated to undertake various non- pharmacological measures to improve symptoms and prognosis. Such measures include: [1] Moderate physical activity, when symptoms are mild or moderate; or bed rest when symptoms are severe. If sleep apnea is identified, treat with CPAP, BiPAP, dental appliances or ...
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath , excessive fatigue , and bilateral leg swelling . [ 3 ]
The main pathophysiology of heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. As such, it can be caused by a wide number of conditions, including myocardial infarction (in which the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies), hypertension (which increases the force of contraction needed to pump blood) and cardiac amyloidosis (in which misfolded ...
In the 1980s, the European Union began harmonising regulatory requirements. In 1989, Europe, Japan, and the United States began creating plans for harmonisation. The International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) was created in April 1990 at a meeting in Brussels.
Cardiac contractility modulation. Cardiac contractility modulation is a therapy which is intended for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe heart failure ( NYHA class II–IV) with symptoms despite optimal medical therapy who can benefit from an improvement in cardiac output. The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances the ...
Acute decompensated heart failure ( ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing ( dyspnea ), leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. [ 1] ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of multiple ...
The American Heart Association ( AHA) is a nonprofit organization in the United States that funds cardiovascular medical research, educates consumers on healthy living and fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. They are known for publishing guidelines on ...
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.