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Historical geology. Historical geology or palaeogeology is a discipline that uses the principles and methods of geology to reconstruct the geological history of Earth. [ 1] Historical geology examines the vastness of geologic time, measured in billions of years, and investigates changes in the Earth, gradual and sudden, over this deep time.
In 1741 the best-known institution in the field of natural history, the National Museum of Natural History in France, created the first teaching position designated specifically for geology. [19] This was an important step in further promoting knowledge of geology as a science and in recognizing the value of widely disseminating such knowledge.
The geological history of the Earth follows the major geological events in Earth's past based on the geological time scale, a system of chronological measurement based on the study of the planet's rock layers ( stratigraphy ). Earth formed about 4.54 billion years ago by accretion from the solar nebula, a disk-shaped mass of dust and gas left ...
James Hutton FRSE ( / ˈhʌtən /; 3 June O.S. [ 1] 1726 – 26 March 1797) was a Scottish geologist, agriculturalist, chemical manufacturer, naturalist and physician. [ 2] Often referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology," [ 3][ 4] he played a key role in establishing geology as a modern science. Hutton advanced the idea that the physical ...
1743 – Dr Christopher Packe produces a geological map of south-east England. 1746 – Jean-Étienne Guettard presents the first mineralogical map of France to the French Academy of Sciences. 1760 – John Michell suggests earthquakes are caused by one layer of rocks rubbing against another. 1776 – James Keir suggests that some rocks, such ...
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. [ 1] This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere, hydrosphere / cryosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere (or lithosphere ). Earth ...
Geological eons (2 C, 3 P) Geological epochs (28 C, 40 P) Geological eras (6 C, 12 P) Events in the geological history of Earth (5 C, 19 P) Extinction events (5 C, 51 P)
Geochronology. An artistic depiction of the major events in the history of Earth. Geochronology is the science of determining the age of rocks, fossils, and sediments using signatures inherent in the rocks themselves. Absolute geochronology can be accomplished through radioactive isotopes, whereas relative geochronology is provided by tools ...