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A thane was a local administrator in eastern Scotland, equivalent to the son of an earl, who collected revenue and services from the estates under his control. The term thane was introduced by King David I in the 12th century, and later replaced by baron or regality.
A thegn or thane was a rank of nobleman in later Anglo-Saxon England, who owned land and served the king or other lords. The term also had different meanings in Scandinavia and Scotland, and was related to the word thane in Shakespearean English.
It is further divided into words that are known (or thought) to have come from Gaulish and those that have come from an undetermined Celtic source. Some of these words existed in Latin as loanwords from a Celtic source. Some of these words have alternate etymologies and may also appear on a list of Spanish words from a different language.
Thane of Cawdor is a Scottish noble title that was given to Macbeth in Shakespeare's play. Learn about the history, origin and current holder of this title, as well as its connection to Macbeth and the Thanes of Cawdor.
Learn about the history of Scotland from the ninth to the thirteenth century, when various kingdoms and cultures competed and merged to form the Kingdom of Scotland. Explore the origins of the Gaelic-speaking Alba, the Scandinavian influence, the Norman and Anglo-French impact, and the cultural and religious developments.
An online Scots-English dictionary run by Dictionaries of the Scots Language, a Scottish lexicographical body. It comprises two major dictionaries of the Scots language: the Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue and the Scottish National Dictionary.
Pictish was an extinct Brittonic Celtic language spoken by the Picts in Scotland from the 4th to the 11th century. Learn about its possible relation to other Celtic languages, its writing system, its replacement by Gaelic, and its impact on modern Scottish Gaelic.
These texts give additional understanding on high medieval Scottish society, so long as inferences are kept conservative. The legal tract that has come down to us as the Laws of Brets and Scots, lists five grades of man: King, mormaer/earl, toísech/thane, ócthigern and serf. For pre-twelfth century Scotland, slaves are added to this category.