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Nicotine-free e-cigarette vapor did not have this effect. [149] The health effects of passive exposure to e-cigarettes with no nicotine, as well as the extent of exposure to these products, have just begun to be studied. [146] E-cigarettes that do not contain nicotine generate hazardous vapors [150] and could still present a risk to non-users ...
Vaping-associated pulmonary injury ( VAPI ), [ 4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury ( VALI) [ 1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury ( E/VALI ), [ 2][ a] is an umbrella term, [ 15][ 16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [ 3]
An electronic cigarette ( e-cigarette) or vape[ note 1][ 1] is a device that simulates tobacco smoking. It consists of an atomizer, a power source such as a battery, and a container such as a cartridge or tank. Instead of smoke, the user inhales vapor. [ 2] As such, using an e-cigarette is often called " vaping ". [ 3]
The Chinese tobacco industry markets herbal cigarettes as having health benefits, yet scientific studies show there is no difference to peoples' health between Chinese herbal cigarette brands and regular cigarette brands. [2] Chinese cigarette brands are equally as addictive as regular cigarettes, although they are marketed as healthier. [2]
In 2015 the English National Health Service advice page on smoking said "E-cigarettes are not risk free, but on current evidence they carry a fraction of the risk of smoked tobacco. As well as nicotine, e-cigarette liquid and vapour can contain toxic substances, although these are either at lower levels than seen in cigarette smoke or at levels ...
Nicotine is a hygroscopic, colorless to yellow-brown, oily liquid, that is readily soluble in alcohol, ether or light petroleum. It is miscible with water in its neutral amine base form between 60 °C and 210 °C. It is a dibasic nitrogenous base, having K b1 =1×10 −6, K b2 =1×10 −11. [ 163]
Neonicotinoid use has been linked to adverse ecological effects, including risks to many non-target organisms, and specifically on bees and pollinators. [ 9 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] A 2018 review by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that most uses of neonicotinoid pesticides represent a risk to wild bees and honeybees.
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...