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The levels of toxic chemicals in the e-cigarette vapor were found to be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than with cigarette smoke but greater than from a nicotine inhaler. [13] Nearly all e-cigarettes evaluated, toxic and irritation-causing carbonyls were identified. [63] Reports regarding the levels of toxic chemicals were inconsistent. [63]
Vaporizer (inhalation device) A vaporization heat wand and vaporization chamber bowl used to deliver vapor through a water pipe. A vaporizer or vaporiser, colloquially known as a vape, is a device used to vaporize substances for inhalation. Plant substances can be used, commonly cannabis, tobacco, or other herbs or blends of essential oil. [ 1]
The e-cigarette aerosol usually contains propylene glycol, glycerin, nicotine, flavors, aroma transporters, and other substances. [ notes 4][ 12] The levels of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), aldehydes, metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), flavors, and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette aerosols vary greatly. [ 1]
Parts of a second-generation e-cigarette. An electronic cigarette is a handheld battery -powered vaporizer that simulates smoking, but without tobacco combustion. [ 1] E-cigarette components include a mouthpiece (drip tip [ 2] ), a cartridge (liquid storage area), a heating element / atomizer, a microprocessor, a battery, and some of them have ...
Ultra-high vacuum (often spelled ultrahigh in American English, UHV) is the vacuum regime characterised by pressures lower than about 1 × 10 −6 pascals (1.0 × 10 −8 mbar; 7.5 × 10 −9 Torr ). UHV conditions are created by pumping the gas out of a UHV chamber. At these low pressures the mean free path of a gas molecule is greater than ...
In chemical engineering, biochemical engineering and protein purification, cross-flow filtration[ 1] (also known as tangential flow filtration[ 2]) is a type of filtration (a particular unit operation ). Cross-flow filtration is different from dead-end filtration in which the feed is passed through a membrane or bed, the solids being trapped in ...
Ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration ( UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the ...
Heated humidified high-flow therapy. Heated humidified high-flow therapy, often simply called high flow therapy , is a type of respiratory support that delivers a flow of medical gas to a patient of up to 60 liters per minute and 100% oxygen through a large bore or high flow nasal cannula. Primarily studied in neonates, it has also been found ...