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Two's complement is the most common method of representing signed (positive, negative, and zero) integers on computers, [1] and more generally, fixed point binary values. Two's complement uses the binary digit with the greatest value as the sign to indicate whether the binary number is positive or negative; when the most significant bit is 1 the number is signed as negative and when the most ...
Internet checksum. The Internet checksum, [ 1][ 2] also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It is carried in the IP packet header, and represents the 16-bit result of summation of the header words. [ 3]
v. t. e. In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent ...
In computing, floating-point arithmetic ( FP) is arithmetic that represents subsets of real numbers using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. Numbers of this form are called floating-point numbers. [ 1]: 3 [ 2]: 10 For example, 12.345 is a floating-point number in base ten ...
Cyclic redundancy check. A cyclic redundancy check ( CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to digital data. [ 1][ 2] Blocks of data entering these systems get a short check value attached, based on the remainder of a polynomial division of their contents.
Perform an SMX function. The leaf function to perform is given in EAX. [t] Depending on leaf function, the instruction may take additional arguments in RBX, ECX and EDX. Usually 0 [u] Conroe/Merom, WuDaoKou, [96] Tremont: RDTSCP Read Time Stamp Counter and Processor ID. RDTSCP: 0F 01 F9: Read Time Stamp Counter and processor core ID. [v]
Hamming weight. The Hamming weight of a string is the number of symbols that are different from the zero-symbol of the alphabet used. It is thus equivalent to the Hamming distance from the all-zero string of the same length. For the most typical case, a string of bits, this is the number of 1's in the string, or the digit sum of the binary ...
A cryptographic hash function ( CHF) is a hash algorithm (a map of an arbitrary binary string to a binary string with a fixed size of bits) that has special properties desirable for a cryptographic application: [ 1] the probability of a particular. n {\displaystyle n} -bit output result ( hash value) for a random input string ("message") is.