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In chemistry and fluid mechanics, the volume fraction is defined as the volume of a constituent Vi divided by the volume of all constituents of the mixture V prior to mixing: [ 1] Being dimensionless, its unit is 1; it is expressed as a number, e.g., 0.18. It is the same concept as volume percent (vol%) except that the latter is expressed with ...
In chemistry, the mass fraction of a substance within a mixture is the ratio (alternatively denoted ) of the mass of that substance to the total mass of the mixture. [ 1] Expressed as a formula, the mass fraction is: Because the individual masses of the ingredients of a mixture sum to , their mass fractions sum to unity:
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [ 9] As with other fractions, the denominator ( b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
Lever rule. In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction ( xi) or the mass fraction ( wi) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
Mole fraction is numerically identical to the number fraction, which is defined as the number of particles of a constituent N i divided by the total number of all molecules N tot. Whereas mole fraction is a ratio of amounts to amounts (in units of moles per moles), molar concentration is a quotient of amount to volume (in units of moles per litre).
Shunt equation. The Shunt equation (also known as the Berggren equation) quantifies the extent to which venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the capillaries of the lung. “Shunt” and “ dead space “ are terms used to describe conditions where either blood flow or ventilation do not interact with each other in the lung, as they should for ...
Mole ratio. In atmospheric chemistry, mixing ratio usually refers to the mole ratio ri, which is defined as the amount of a constituent ni divided by the total amount of all other constituents in a mixture: The mole ratio is also called amount ratio. [ 2] If ni is much smaller than ntot (which is the case for atmospheric trace constituents ...
In polymer chemistry, the molar mass distribution (or molecular weight distribution) describes the relationship between the number of moles of each polymer species ( Ni) and the molar mass ( Mi) of that species. [ 1] In linear polymers, the individual polymer chains rarely have exactly the same degree of polymerization and molar mass, and there ...
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