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Administered prices are prices of goods set by the internal pricing structures of firms that take into account cost rather than through the market forces of supply and demand [1] and predicted by classical economics. They were first described by institutional economists Gardiner Means and Adolf A. Berle in their 1932 book The Modern Corporation ...
Average cost. In economics, average cost ( AC) or unit cost is equal to total cost (TC) divided by the number of units of a good produced (the output Q): Average cost is an important factor in determining how businesses will choose to price their products.
Utility ratemaking. Utility ratemaking is the formal regulatory process in the United States by which public utilities set the prices (more commonly known as "rates") they will charge consumers. [1] Ratemaking, typically carried out through "rate cases" before a public utilities commission, serves as one of the primary instruments of government ...
COB – Close of Business. COC – Cost of Credit [2] or Cost of Capital [3] COD – Cost of Debt [4] or Cash on Delivery. COE – Center of Excellence or Cost of Equity [5] COGS – Cost of Goods Sold. Corp. – Corporation. COO – Chief Operating Officer. CPA – Certified Public Accountant. CPI – Consumer Price Index.
In economics, the menu cost is a cost that a firm incurs due to changing its prices. It is one microeconomic explanation of the price-stickiness of the macroeconomy put by New Keynesian economists. [1] The term originated from the cost when restaurants print new menus to change the prices of items. However economists have extended its meaning ...
The marginal cost can also be calculated by finding the derivative of total cost or variable cost. Either of these derivatives work because the total cost includes variable cost and fixed cost, but fixed cost is a constant with a derivative of 0. The total cost of producing a specific level of output is the cost of all the factors of production.
Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [1] [2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.
Cost breakdown analysis. Components of price. Image according to Garrett (2008), figure 4-1, p.65. In business economics cost breakdown analysis is a method of cost analysis, which itemizes the cost of a certain product or service into its various components, the so-called cost drivers. The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction ...