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Bhartṛhari ( Devanagari: भर्तृहरि; Bhartrihari; fl. c. 5th century CE), was an Indian philosopher and poet known for his contributions to the fields of linguistics, grammar, and philosophy. He is believed to have been born in the 5th century in Ujjain, Malwa, India. He decided to live a monastic life and find a higher meaning ...
Sutra ( Sanskrit: सूत्र, romanized : sūtra, lit. 'string, thread') [ 1] in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text. Sutras are a genre of ancient and medieval Indian texts found in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. [ 1][ 2]
Word classes can be "open" if new words can continuously be added to the class, or relatively "closed" if there is a fixed number of words in a class. In English, the class of pronouns is closed, whereas the class of adjectives is open, since an infinite number of adjectives can be constructed from verbs (e.g. "saddened") or nouns (e.g. with ...
v. t. e. Prajña or Pragya [a] ( Sanskrit: प्रज्ञ, प्रज्ञा, प्राज्ञ, प्राज्ञा) is used to refer to the highest and purest form of wisdom, intelligence and understanding. Pragya is the state of wisdom which is higher than the knowledge obtained by reasoning and inference.
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its own methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and ...
The meaning of the word tarka also is specific, in that it does not imply a pure logical analysis but a complex activity of discourse guided by strict definitions and goals. Tarka-Sangraha is a foundational text followed as guidelines for logic and discourse ever since it was composed in the second half of 17th century CE.
Āstika ( Sanskrit: आस्तिक; IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika ( Sanskrit: नास्तिक; IAST: Nāstika) are concepts that have been used to classify the schools of Indian philosophy by modern scholars, as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts. [ 1][ 2][ 4] The various definitions for āstika and nāstika philosophies have ...
Jain philosophy or Jaina philosophy refers to the ancient Indian philosophical system of the Jain religion. [1] It comprises all the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among the early branches of Jainism in ancient India following the parinirvāṇa of Mahāvīra ( c. 5th century BCE ). [1]