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Bhartṛhari ( Devanagari: भर्तृहरि; Bhartrihari; fl. c. 5th century CE), was an Indian philosopher and poet known for his contributions to the fields of linguistics, grammar, and philosophy. He is believed to have been born in the 5th century in Ujjain, Malwa, India. He decided to live a monastic life and find a higher meaning ...
e. Hindi literature ( Hindi: हिन्दी साहित्य, hindī sāhitya) includes literature in the various Hindi languages which have different writing systems. Earliest forms of Hindi literature are attested in poetry of Apabhraṃśa like Awadhi, and Marwari languages. Hindi literature is composed in three broad styles ...
Āstika ( Sanskrit: आस्तिक; IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika ( Sanskrit: नास्तिक; IAST: Nāstika) are concepts that have been used to classify the schools of Indian philosophy by modern scholars, as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts. [ 1][ 2][ 4] The various definitions for āstika and nāstika philosophies have ...
Sutra ( Sanskrit: सूत्र, romanized : sūtra, lit. 'string, thread') [ 1] in Indian literary traditions refers to an aphorism or a collection of aphorisms in the form of a manual or, more broadly, a condensed manual or text. Sutras are a genre of ancient and medieval Indian texts found in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. [ 1][ 2]
The major contemporary positions of meaning come under the following partial definitions of meaning: psychological theories, involving notions of thought, intention, or understanding; logical theories, involving notions such as intension, cognitive content, or sense, along with extension, reference, or denotation; message, content, information ...
Indian literature refers to the literature produced on the Indian subcontinent until 1947 and in the Republic of India thereafter. The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India has 22 officially recognised languages. Sahitya Akademi, India's highest literary body, also has 24 recognised literary languages .
The meaning of the word tarka also is specific, in that it does not imply a pure logical analysis but a complex activity of discourse guided by strict definitions and goals. Tarka-Sangraha is a foundational text followed as guidelines for logic and discourse ever since it was composed in the second half of 17th century CE.
Tapasya - Jain meditation in progress. [1]Tapas (Sanskrit: तपस्, romanized: tapas) is a variety of austere spiritual meditation practices in Indian religions.In Jainism, it means asceticism (austerities, body mortification); [1] [2] in Buddhism, it denotes spiritual practices including meditation and self-discipline; [3] and in the different traditions within Hinduism it means a ...