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  2. Pineal gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineal_gland

    The human pineal gland grows in size until about 1–2 years of age, remaining stable thereafter, [20] [21] although its weight increases gradually from puberty onwards. [22] [23] The abundant melatonin levels in children are believed to inhibit sexual development, and pineal tumors have been linked with precocious puberty. When puberty arrives ...

  3. Melatonin receptor 1B - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_receptor_1B

    Several studies have identified MTNR1B receptor mutations that are associated with increased average blood sugar level and around a 20 percent elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes. [8] [9] [10] MTNR1B mRNA is expressed in human islets, and immunocytochemistry confirms that it is primarily localized in beta cells in islets. [9]

  4. 6-Hydroxymelatonin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Hydroxymelatonin

    6-Hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) is a naturally occurring, endogenous, major active metabolite of melatonin. [1] Similar to melatonin, 6-OHM is a full agonist of the MT 1 and MT 2 receptors. [2] [3] It is also an antioxidant and neuroprotective, and is even more potent in this regard relative to melatonin. [4] [5]

  5. Phase response curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_response_curve

    Phase response curves for light and for melatonin administration. In humans and animals, there is a regulatory system that governs the phase relationship of an organism's internal circadian clock to a regular periodicity in the external environment (usually governed by the solar day).

  6. N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine

    N1-Acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) is a metabolite of melatonin that could improve memory by acting on the melatonin receptors. It significantly increased the phosphorylation of both ERK and CREB in the hippocampus. [1] It also helps scavenge free radicals. [2]

  7. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone

    The melanocyte-stimulating hormones, known collectively as MSH, also known as melanotropins or intermedins, are a family of peptide hormones and neuropeptides consisting of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH), and γ-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) that are produced by cells in the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary ...

  8. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit...

    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate.

  9. Melatonin Magik - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin_Magik

    Melatonin Magik (stylized in all caps) is the ninth studio album by American rapper Canibus. The album contains guest appearances by Professor Griff of Public Enemy who provides introductory or hype vocals on numerous songs.