Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology (1940) He [Russell] said once, after some contact with the Chinese language, that he was horrified to find that the language of Principia Mathematica was an Indo-European one. John Edensor Littlewood, Littlewood's Miscellany (1986) The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by ...
In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy.There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known examples of mathematical fallacies there is some element of concealment or ...
Proof: 2 p+1 ≡ 2 (mod q), so 2 1 / 2 (p+1) is a square root of 2 mod q. By quadratic reciprocity, every prime modulus in which the number 2 has a square root is congruent to ±1 (mod 8). A Mersenne prime cannot be a Wieferich prime. Proof: We show if p = 2 m − 1 is a Mersenne prime, then the congruence 2 p−1 ≡ 1 (mod p 2) does ...
In additive number theory, Fermat 's theorem on sums of two squares states that an odd prime p can be expressed as: with x and y integers, if and only if. The prime numbers for which this is true are called Pythagorean primes . For example, the primes 5, 13, 17, 29, 37 and 41 are all congruent to 1 modulo 4, and they can be expressed as sums of ...
The sum of the reciprocal of the primes increasing without bound. The x axis is in log scale, showing that the divergence is very slow. The red function is a lower bound that also diverges. The sum of the reciprocals of all prime numbers diverges; that is: This was proved by Leonhard Euler in 1737, [1] and strengthens Euclid 's 3rd-century-BC ...
Paul Erdős gave a proof that also relies on the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Every positive integer has a unique factorization into a square-free number r and a square number s 2. For example, 75,600 = 2 4 3 3 5 2 7 1 = 21 ⋅ 60 2. Let N be a positive integer, and let k be the number of primes less than or equal to N. Call those primes ...
In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat, the first known to have studied them, is a positive integer of the form: where n is a non-negative integer. The first few Fermat numbers are: 3, 5, 17, 257, 65537, 4294967297, 18446744073709551617, ... (sequence A000215 in the OEIS ). If 2 k + 1 is prime and k > 0, then k itself ...
P. Oxy. 29, one of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's Elements, a textbook used for millennia to teach proof-writing techniques. The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5. [1] A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the