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Melatonin, also known as N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a substituted tryptamine and a derivative of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). It is structurally related to N-acetylserotonin (normelatonin; N -acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine), which is the chemical intermediate between serotonin and melatonin in the body.
Melatonin, an indoleamine, is a natural compound produced by various organisms, including bacteria and eukaryotes. [ 1] Its discovery in 1958 by Aaron B. Lerner and colleagues stemmed from the isolation of a substance from the pineal gland of cows that could induce skin lightening in common frogs.
Modafinil, sold under the brand name Provigil among others, is a wakefulness-promoting medication used primarily to treat narcolepsy, [3] [8] [12] a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. [13]
Dr. Leana Wen: Menopause is the period in a woman’s life when her menstrual periods stop. For most women, this natural, biological process occurs as a part of going through midlife when the ...
Eszopiclone is classified as a nonbenzodiazepine or Z-drug and a sedative and hypnotic of the cyclopyrrolone group. [ 7] It is the S- stereoisomer of zopiclone. [ 5][ 8] It works by interacting with the GABA receptors. [ 7] Approved for medical use in the United States in 2004, [ 3] eszopiclone is available as a generic medication. [ 5]
Suvorexant is used for the treatment of insomnia, characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance, in adults. [2] [6] At a dose of 15 to 20 mg and in terms of treatment–placebo difference, it reduces time to sleep onset by up to 10 minutes, reduces time awake after sleep onset by about 15 to 30 minutes, and increases total sleep time by about 10 to 20 minutes. [2]
Ramelteon is taken by mouth. [ 3] Side effects of ramelteon include somnolence, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, exacerbated insomnia, and changes in hormone levels. [ 3] Ramelteon is an analogue of melatonin and is a selective agonist of the melatonin MT 1 and MT 2 receptors. [ 3] The half-life and duration of ramelteon are much longer than those ...
In medical literature from Australia, Ireland, the UK, Canada, and the United States, temazepam is the only benzodiazepine which has been fatal in overdoses without combination with other CNS depresssants. This unique feature is due to the toxicity of the drug, which numerous studies have ranked it as being most toxic.
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