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In this article, we’re going to talk about pneumatic actuators. We’ll look closely at the operation and application of the most common pneumatic actuator, the spring/diaphragm linear pneumatic actuator.
Pneumatic valve actuators operate on a straightforward yet effective principle: they utilize compressed air to generate motion. When compressed air is introduced into the actuator’s cylinder, it exerts pressure on a piston or diaphragm within the device.
Consisting of a piston, cylinder, and valves or ports, a pneumatic actuator can convert energy into linear or rotary mechanical motions. This is dependent on whether the application is using a pneumatic rotary actuator or a linear actuator.
A pneumatic valve actuator utilizes air under pressure to automate valve control. At the heart of any actuator is a movable component. The air pushes the part up and down, back and forth, or turns it on a shaft to position a valve element.
Pneumatic valve actuators adjust valve position by converting air pressure into linear or rotary motion. There are two main forms: the piston actuators and diaphragm actuators. Piston actuators are used when the stroke of a diaphragm actuator would be too short or the thrust is too small.
Pneumatic valve actuators are power-driven devices that use pressurized air to generate a force. This force is then used to control or maneuver a valve, essentially converting energy (typically in the form of compressed air) into mechanical motion.
Pneumatic actuators utilize compressed air to generate the operating energy. These actuators are quick to respond but are not ideal for environments under high pressures because gas is compressible. Pneumatic actuators are available in spring-return and double-acting designs.
Pneumatic actuators convert compressed air into rotary or linear motion. There are many styles of pneumatic actuators: diaphragm cylinders, rodless cylinders, telescoping cylinders and through-rod cylinders.
Pneumatic actuators use instrument air pressure to apply force on the diaphragm to move the valve actuator and then to position valve stem. The following photograph shows a cut-away control valve, with a pneumatic diaphragm actuator mounted above the valve body.
Pneumatic actuators operate on the principle of converting compressed air into mechanical motion. This transformation is fundamentally governed by physical laws, such as Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at a constant temperature.