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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
An earthquake – also called a quake, tremor, or temblor – is the shaking of the Earth 's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage ...
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic ...
1,000–6,000 [ 5] The 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or the Great Chilean earthquake ( Gran terremoto de Chile) on 22 May 1960 was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Most studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale, [ 1] while some studies have placed the magnitude lower ...
Earthquakes. The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS) measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location. This is in contrast with the seismic magnitude usually reported for an earthquake. Magnitude scales measure the inherent force or strength of an earthquake – an event occurring at greater or lesser depth.
Max. intensity. MMI X (Extreme) [3] Casualties. 28+ dead. The 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake (also known as the 1959 Yellowstone earthquake) [4] occurred in the western United States on August 17 at 11:37 pm ( MST) in southwestern Montana. [4] [5] The earthquake measured 7.2 on the moment magnitude scale, [1] caused a huge landslide, resulted in ...
From space, the scale of the devastation wrought by the two massive earthquakes that rocked Turkey and Syria is clear.. Photos taken Tuesday by Maxar Technologies, a U.S. defense contractor ...
The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on California's Central Coast on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park in Santa Cruz County, approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains.