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  2. Ordered pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordered_pair

    Ordered pair. Analytic geometry associates to each point in the Euclidean plane an ordered pair. The red ellipse is associated with the set of all pairs ( x, y) such that ⁠x2 4 ⁠ + y2 = 1. In mathematics, an ordered pair ( a, b) is a pair of objects. The order in which the objects appear in the pair is significant: the ordered pair ( a, b ...

  3. Abscissa and ordinate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscissa_and_ordinate

    The first of these signed ordered pairs is the abscissa of the corresponding point, and the second value is its ordinate. In common usage, the abscissa refers to the x coordinate and the ordinate refers to the y coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph. [ 1][ 2] The distance of a point from the y axis, scaled with the x axis, is called ...

  4. Cartesian product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartesian_product

    In mathematics, specifically set theory, the Cartesian product of two sets A and B, denoted A × B, is the set of all ordered pairs (a, b) where a is in A and b is in B. [1] In terms of set-builder notation, that is [2] [3] A table can be created by taking the Cartesian product of a set of rows and a set of columns.

  5. Multiset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset

    A multiset may be formally defined as an ordered pair (A, m) where A is the underlying set of the multiset, formed from its distinct elements, and : + is a function from A to the set of positive integers, giving the multiplicity – that is, the number of occurrences – of the element a in the multiset as the number m(a).

  6. Partially ordered set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set

    A partially ordered set (poset for short) is an ordered pair = (,) consisting of a set (called the ground set of ) and a partial order on . When the meaning is clear from context and there is no ambiguity about the partial order, the set X {\displaystyle X} itself is sometimes called a poset.

  7. Surreal number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surreal_number

    Surreal number. A visualization of the surreal number tree. In mathematics, the surreal number system is a totally ordered proper class containing not only the real numbers but also infinite and infinitesimal numbers, respectively larger or smaller in absolute value than any positive real number. Research on the Go endgame by John Horton Conway ...

  8. Algebra of sets - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra_of_sets

    Fundamentals. The algebra of sets is the set-theoretic analogue of the algebra of numbers. Just as arithmetic addition and multiplication are associative and commutative, so are set union and intersection; just as the arithmetic relation "less than or equal" is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive, so is the set relation of "subset".

  9. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    An arrow from x to y indicates that the relation holds between x and y. The relation is represented by the set { (a,a),(a,b),(a,d),(b,a),(b,d),(c,b),(d,c),(d,d) } of ordered pairs. In mathematics, a relation on a set may, or may not, hold between two given members of the set. As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural ...

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