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Normal saline is the isotonic solution of choice for expanding the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume because it does not enter the intracellular fluid (ICF). It is administered to correct extracellular fluid volume deficit because it remains within the ECF.
Some examples of isotonic fluids include normal saline solution and lactated Ringers, and these kinds of fluids are generally used to correct fluid volume deficits, to replace sodium losses, or to raise blood pressure.
Mechanism of Action. Normal saline is a crystalloid fluid. By definition, it is an aqueous solution of electrolytes and other hydrophilic molecules. [1] The main indication for the use of crystalloid fluids in humans is due to their isotonic nature when compared to serum plasma.
IV Fluid Types. There are three main types of IV fluids: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic. The prefix and suffix of the fluid type’s name tells you about how the fluid works. The prefix: iso, hypo, hyper tells us about the concentration of solutes in that fluid.
Although neither of those names is technically accurate because normal saline is not exactly like blood serum, they convey the practical effect usually seen: good fluid balance with minimal hypotonicity or hypertonicity.
An example of hypertonic IV solution is 3% Normal Saline (3% NaCl). When infused, hypertonic fluids cause an increased concentration of dissolved solutes in the intravascular space compared to the cells.
Hypertonic saline is a crystalloid intravenous fluid composed of NaCl dissolved in water with a higher sodium concentration than normal blood serum. Both 3% and 5% hypertonic saline (HS) is currently FDA-approved for use in hyponatremia and increased intracranial pressure (ICP).
Published January 8th, 2018. Jump to Sections. How to Remember Hypertonic, Hypotonic, and Isotonic Solutions. Hypertonic vs Hypotonic vs Isotonic Solutions. IV Solution Example Question. Take Your Learning Beyond the Classroom. Intravenous (IV) solutions are burdensome and sometimes confusing to remember.
Normal saline has long been the dominant type of IV fluid both for replacement and maintenance. A unique side-effect of normal saline is hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. A straightforward question without a clear answer is why “normal” saline causes hyperchloremic acidosis.
An example of an isotonic IV solution is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl). Because the concentration of the IV fluid is similar to the blood, the fluid stays in the intravascular space and osmosis does not cause fluid movement between compartments.