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Synapse. Diagram of a chemical synaptic connection. In the nervous system, a synapse[ 1] is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell. Synapses are essential to the transmission of nervous impulses from one neuron to another, [ 2] playing a key ...
Synaptogenesis is the formation of synapses between neurons in the nervous system. Although it occurs throughout a healthy person's lifespan, an explosion of synapse formation occurs during early brain development, known as exuberant synaptogenesis. [1] Synaptogenesis is particularly important during an individual's critical period, during ...
Synaptic pruning, a phase in the development of the nervous system, is the process of synapse elimination that occurs between early childhood and the onset of puberty in many mammals, including humans. [ 1] Pruning starts near the time of birth and continues into the late-20s. [ 2] During the pruning of a synapse, both the axon and the dendrite ...
For the general concept of brain plasticity, see neuroplasticity and Synaptic stabilization. Synaptic plasticity rule for gradient estimation by dynamic perturbation of conductances. In neuroscience, synaptic plasticity is the ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, in response to increases or decreases in their activity. [1]
Anatomical terms of microanatomy. [ edit on Wikidata] In a neuron, synaptic vesicles (or neurotransmitter vesicles) store various neurotransmitters that are released at the synapse. The release is regulated by a voltage-dependent calcium channel.
In a parallel after-discharge circuit, a neuron inputs to several chains of neurons. Each chain is made up of a different number of neurons but their signals converge onto one output neuron. Each synapse in the circuit acts to delay the signal by about 0.5 msec, so that the more synapses there are, the longer is the delay to the output neuron.
Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse . Reuptake is necessary for normal synaptic physiology because it allows for ...
Hebbian theory. Hebbian theory is a neuropsychological theory claiming that an increase in synaptic efficacy arises from a presynaptic cell 's repeated and persistent stimulation of a postsynaptic cell. It is an attempt to explain synaptic plasticity, the adaptation of brain neurons during the learning process.