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The value of the line integral is the sum of values of the field at all points on the curve, weighted by some scalar function on the curve (commonly arc length or, for a vector field, the scalar product of the vector field with a differential vector in the curve). This weighting distinguishes the line integral from simpler integrals defined on ...
Stokes' theorem, [1] also known as the Kelvin–Stokes theorem [2] [3] after Lord Kelvin and George Stokes, the fundamental theorem for curls or simply the curl theorem, [4] is a theorem in vector calculus on . Given a vector field, the theorem relates the integral of the curl of the vector field over some surface, to the line integral of the ...
The above definition of an integral curve α for a vector field X, passing through p at time t 0, is the same as saying that α is a local solution to the ordinary differential equation/initial value problem
In physics, circulation is the line integral of a vector field around a closed curve. In fluid dynamics, the field is the fluid velocity field. In electrodynamics, it can be the electric or the magnetic field. Circulation was first used independently by Frederick Lanchester, Martin Kutta and Nikolay Zhukovsky. [citation needed]
e. Vector calculus or vector analysis is a branch of mathematics concerned with the differentiation and integration of vector fields, primarily in three-dimensional Euclidean space, The term vector calculus is sometimes used as a synonym for the broader subject of multivariable calculus, which spans vector calculus as well as partial ...
The reason for defining the vector derivative and integral as above is that they allow a strong generalization of Stokes' theorem. Let L ( A ; x ) {\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}(A;x)} be a multivector-valued function of r {\displaystyle r} -grade input A {\displaystyle A} and general position x {\displaystyle x} , linear in its first argument.
Calculus. In mathematics, tensor calculus, tensor analysis, or Ricci calculus is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields ( tensors that may vary over a manifold, e.g. in spacetime ). Developed by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and his student Tullio Levi-Civita, [ 1] it was used by Albert Einstein to develop his general theory of relativity.
Calculus. The gradient theorem, also known as the fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals, says that a line integral through a gradient field can be evaluated by evaluating the original scalar field at the endpoints of the curve. The theorem is a generalization of the second fundamental theorem of calculus to any curve in a plane or ...