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Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used to encipher the most top ...
A pamphlet published in 1885, entitled The Beale Papers, is the source of this story.The treasure was said to have been obtained by an American named Thomas J. Beale in the early 1800s, from a mine to the north of Nuevo México (New Mexico), at that time in the Spanish province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (an area that today would most likely be part of Colorado).
A ternary / ˈtɜːrnəri / numeral system (also called base 3 or trinary) has three as its base. Analogous to a bit, a ternary digit is a trit ( tri nary dig it ). One trit is equivalent to log 2 3 (about 1.58496) bits of information . Although ternary most often refers to a system in which the three digits are all non–negative numbers ...
Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [ 1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [ 2]
The partially decomposed body of Ricky McCormick was discovered in a field in St. Charles County, Missouri on June 30, 1999. Sheriffs found two garbled hand-written notes – apparently written in secret code – in the victim's pockets, and these were handed over to the FBI for further investigation. Attempts by the FBI's Cryptanalysis and ...
v. t. e. In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent ...
Affine cipher. The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet is mapped to its numeric equivalent, encrypted using a simple mathematical function, and converted back to a letter. The formula used means that each letter encrypts to one other letter, and back again, meaning the cipher is ...