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e. Transfer pricing refers to the rules and methods for pricing transactions within and between enterprises under common ownership or control. Because of the potential for cross-border controlled transactions to distort taxable income, tax authorities in many countries can adjust intragroup transfer prices that differ from what would have been ...
v. t. e. Transfer mispricing, also known as transfer pricing manipulation or fraudulent transfer pricing, [1] refers to trade between related parties at prices meant to manipulate markets or to deceive tax authorities. The legality of the process varies between tax jurisdictions; most regard it as a type of fraud or tax evasion.
The Royal Malaysian Customs Department (Abbr.; RMCD; Malay: Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia – JKDM; Jawi: جابتن كستم دراج مليسيا ); is a government department body under the Ministry of Finance. RMCD functions as the country's main indirect tax collector, facilitating trade and enforcing laws. RMCD facilitates trade by ...
Institutional review board. An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ...
The transactional net margin method (TNMM) in transfer pricing compares the net profit margin of a taxpayer arising from a non- arm's length transaction with the net profit margins realized by arm's length parties from similar transactions; and examines the net profit margin relative to an appropriate base such as costs, sales or assets. This ...
An advance pricing agreement (APA) is an ahead-of-time agreement between a taxpayer and a tax authority on an appropriate transfer pricing methodology (TPM) for a set of transactions at issue over a fixed period of time [1] (called "Covered Transactions"). Most APAs involve U.S. taxpayers and the US Internal Revenue Service (IRS), but APAs are ...
The Fund Transfer Pricing (FTP) measures the contribution by each source of funding to the overall profitability in a financial institution. [1] Funds that go toward lending products are charged to asset-generating businesses whereas funds generated by deposit and other funding products are credited to liability-generating businesses.
See also: Base erosion and profit shifting (OECD project) The 2012 G20 Los Cabos summit tasked the OECD to develop a BEPS Action Plan, [ 60 ][ 61 ] which 2013 G-20 St. Petersburg summit approved. [ 62 ] The project is intended to prevent multinationals from shifting profits from higher- to lower-tax jurisdictions. [ 63 ]