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Thane (/ ˈ θ eɪ n /; Scottish Gaelic: taidhn) was the title given to a local royal official in medieval eastern Scotland, equivalent in rank to the son of an earl, who was at the head of an administrative and socio-economic unit known as a thanedom or thanage.
One tradition suggests that the surname is derived from the French words fraise, meaning strawberry (the fruit), and fraisiers, strawberry plants. There is a fabled account of the Fraser coat of arms which asserts that during the reign of Charles the Simple of France, a nobleman from Bourbon named Julius de Berry entertained the King with a ...
Ivory seal of Godwin, an unknown thegn – first half of eleventh century, British Museum. In later Anglo-Saxon England, a thegn ( pronounced / θeɪn /; Old English: þeġn) or thane [1] (or thayn in Shakespearean English) was an aristocrat who owned substantial land in one or more counties. Thanes ranked at the third level in lay society ...
Historiography. Scotland in the High Middle Ages is a relatively well-studied topic and Scottish medievalists have produced a wide variety of publications. Some, such as David Dumville, Thomas Owen Clancy and Dauvit Broun, are primarily interested in the native cultures of the country, and often have linguistic training in the Celtic languages.
The Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) ( Scots: Dictionar o the Scots Leid, Scottish Gaelic: Faclair de Chànan na Albais) is an online Scots – English dictionary run by Dictionaries of the Scots Language. Freely available via the Internet, the work comprises the two major dictionaries of the Scots language: [1]
These texts give additional understanding on high medieval Scottish society, so long as inferences are kept conservative. The legal tract that has come down to us as the Laws of Brets and Scots, lists five grades of man: King, mormaer/earl, toísech/thane, ócthigern and serf. For pre-twelfth century Scotland, slaves are added to this category.
Thanage. A thanage was an area of land held by a thegn in Anglo-Saxon England . Thanage can also denote the rank held by such a thegn . In medieval Scotland David I, an Anglophile, introduced "thanes" to replace the Gaelic " tòiseach ". Therefore Scottish thanage denotes the land and duties held and undertaken by the thanes.
The languages of Scotland belong predominantly to the Germanic and Celtic language families. The main language now spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English.