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The Maurya Empire ( Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe [21]) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha Modern day Bihar. It was the fourth ruling dynasty of Magadh Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE, it existed in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE. [22]
The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the ...
Armenian merchantry. From antiquity, Armenian merchants have played a pivotal role in transcontinental trade across Eurasia. Positioned strategically along the vital trade route linking Europe and Asia, Armenia's geographical advantage has sustained its centrality of international trade in the economic life of Armenians until the close of the ...
Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, [j] historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, [22] [23] was an imperial realm [k] that spanned much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
The Great Temple in the inner city of Hattusa. The Hittites ( / ˈhɪtaɪts /) were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, [2] they settled in modern day Turkey in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites formed a series of ...
972 – 973. Indra IV. 973 – 982. Rashtrakuta ( IAST: rāṣṭrakūṭa) (r. 753 – 982 CE) was a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapur, a city in Central or West ...
Ancient Carthage ( / ˈkɑːrθɪdʒ / KAR-thij; Punic: 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤟𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕, lit. 'New City') was an ancient Semitic civilisation based in North Africa. [4] Initially a settlement in present-day Tunisia, it later became a city-state and then an empire.
For a period, the Berbers were in constant revolt, and in 396 there was a great uprising. Thousands of rebels streamed down from the mountains and invaded Punic territory, carrying the serfs of the countryside along with them. The Carthaginians were obliged to withdraw within their walls and were besieged.