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  2. Euler's identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_identity

    The same formula applies to octonions, with a zero real part and a norm equal to 1. These formulas are a direct generalization of Euler's identity, since and are the only complex numbers with a zero real part and a norm (absolute value) equal to 1 .

  3. Basel problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basel_problem

    The sum of the series is approximately equal to 1.644934. [3] The Basel problem asks for the exact sum of this series (in closed form ), as well as a proof that this sum is correct. Euler found the exact sum to be and announced this discovery in 1735.

  4. Zero to the power of zero - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_to_the_power_of_zero

    Zero to the power of zero Zero to the power of zero, denoted by 00, is a mathematical expression that is either defined as 1 or left undefined, depending on context. In algebra and combinatorics, one typically defines 00 = 1. In mathematical analysis, the expression is sometimes left undefined. Computer programming languages and software also have differing ways of handling this expression.

  5. Mathematical fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_fallacy

    Mathematical fallacy. In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy. There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known ...

  6. List of mathematical proofs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_proofs

    Theorems of which articles are primarily devoted to proving them Bertrand's postulate and a proof Estimation of covariance matrices Fermat's little theorem and some proofs Gödel's completeness theorem and its original proof Mathematical induction and a proof Proof that 0.999... equals 1 Proof that 22/7 exceeds π Proof that e is irrational Proof that π is irrational Proof that the sum of the ...

  7. Principia Mathematica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principia_Mathematica

    The Principia Mathematica (often abbreviated PM) is a three-volume work on the foundations of mathematics written by mathematician–philosophers Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell and published in 1910, 1912, and 1913.

  8. Proof of the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_the_Euler_product...

    where the left hand side equals the Riemann zeta function: and the product on the right hand side extends over all prime numbers p : Proof of the Euler product formula The method of Eratosthenes used to sieve out prime numbers is employed in this proof. This sketch of a proof makes use of simple algebra only.

  9. Binomial theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_theorem

    When n = 0, both sides equal 1, since x0 = 1 and Now suppose that the equality holds for a given n; we will prove it for n + 1. For j, k ≥ 0, let [f(x, y)]j,k denote the coefficient of xjyk in the polynomial f(x, y).