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In international trade, foreign market entry modes are the ways in which a company can expand its services into a non-domestic market. There are two major types of market entry modes: equity and non-equity. The non-equity modes category includes export and contractual agreements. [1] The equity modes category includes joint ventures and wholly ...
A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity -backed securities are bought and sold, [1] in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold. Capital markets channel the wealth of savers to those who can put it to long-term productive use, such as companies or governments making long ...
Financial integration. Financial integration is a phenomenon in which financial markets in neighboring, regional and/or global economies are closely linked together. Various forms of actual financial integration include: Information sharing among financial institutions; sharing of best practices among financial institutions; sharing of cutting ...
Export-oriented industrialization ( EOI ), sometimes called export substitution industrialization ( ESI ), export-led industrialization ( ELI ), or export-led growth, is a trade and economic policy aiming to speed up the industrialization process of a country by exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage. Export-led growth implies opening domestic markets to foreign ...
Capital – Investments in equipment, building, and raw materials may represent ancillary barriers, particularly in the case of sunk costs, [1] which can increase the strength of barriers to entry.
Valuation using multiples. In economics, valuation using multiples, or "relative valuation", is a process that consists of: identifying comparable assets (the peer group) and obtaining market values for these assets. converting these market values into standardized values relative to a key statistic, since the absolute prices cannot be compared.
Market economy. A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand. The major characteristic of a market economy is the existence of factor markets that play a dominant role in the allocation ...
Public Market Equivalent The public market equivalent ( PME) is a collection of performance measures developed to assess private equity funds and to overcome the limitations of the internal rate of return and multiple on invested capital measurements. While the calculations differ, they all attempt to measure the return from deploying a private equity fund's cash flows into a stock market index.