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The Code was thought to be the earliest Mesopotamian law collection when it was rediscovered in 1902—for example, C. H. W. Johns' 1903 book was titled The Oldest Code of Laws in the World. [32] The English writer H. G. Wells included Hammurabi in the first volume of The Outline of History , and to Wells too the Code was "the earliest known ...
The Code of Ur-Nammu is the oldest known law code surviving today. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language c. 2100–2050 BCE. It contains strong statements of royal power like "I eliminated enmity, violence, and cries for justice." [ 1]
Hammurabi ( / ˌxæmʊˈrɑːbi /; Old Babylonian Akkadian: 𒄩𒄠𒈬𒊏𒁉, romanized: Ḫâmmurapi; [ a] c. 1810 – c. 1750 BC ), also spelled Hammurapi, [ 3][ 4] was the sixth Amorite king of the Old Babylonian Empire, reigning from c. 1792 to c. 1750 BC. He was preceded by his father, Sin-Muballit, who abdicated due to failing health.
The code of law found at Ebla (2400 BC) Code of Urukagina (2380–2360 BC) Code of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (c. 2050 BC). Copies with slight variations found in Nippur, Sippar and Ur. Laws of Eshnunna (c. 1930 BC) [ 2] Code of Lipit-Ishtar (c. 1870 BC) [ 3] Babylonian law. Code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC in middle chronology) Hittite laws, also known ...
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The Hittite laws reflected the empire's social structure, sense of justice, and morality, addressing common outlawed actions such as assault, theft, murder, witchcraft, and divorce, among others. The code is particularly notable due to a number of its provisions, covering social issues that included the humane treatment of slaves.
Basalt slate erected by King Hammurabi and inscribed with law code. Though Mesopotamian law allowed a woman to function on her own, the societal norm was to act under the management of a male family member such as a brother, husband, or adult son. Rarely were single women in charge of their own households without a masculine influence. [6]
The code has laws relating to the purchase of slaves abroad. Numerous contracts for the sale of slaves survive. [3] The final law in the Code of Hammurabi states that if a slave denies his master, then his ear will be cut off. [4] [5] Hittite texts from Anatolia include laws regulating