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Tuberculous-meningitis-autopsy, showing associated brain oedema and congestion. Diagnosis of TB meningitis is made by analysing cerebrospinal fluid collected by lumbar puncture. When collecting CSF for suspected TB meningitis, a minimum of 1 ml of fluid should be taken (preferably 5 to 10 ml).
Neck stiffness, Texas meningitis epidemic of 1911–12. In adults, the most common symptom of meningitis is a severe headache, occurring in almost 90% of cases of bacterial meningitis, followed by neck stiffness (the inability to flex the neck forward passively due to increased neck muscle tone and stiffness). [16]
Herpes meningitis is inflammation of the meninges, the protective tissues surrounding the spinal cord and brain, [ 1] due to infection from viruses of the Herpesviridae family [ 2] - the most common amongst adults is HSV-2. [ 3] Symptoms are self-limiting over 2 weeks [ 4] with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, neck-stiffness, and photophobia ...
Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as the meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis. The bacterium is referred to as a coccus because it is round, and more specifically a diplococcus because of its tendency to form ...
Meningococcal disease describes infections caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus). [ 1] It has a high mortality rate if untreated but is vaccine-preventable. [ 2] While best known as a cause of meningitis, it can also result in sepsis, which is an even more damaging and dangerous condition.
Naegleriasis, also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ( PAM ), is an almost invariably fatal infection of the brain by the free-living unicellular eukaryote Naegleria fowleri. Symptoms are meningitis-like and include headache, fever, nausea, vomiting, a stiff neck, confusion, hallucinations and seizures. [ 6]
Aseptic meningitis is a disease that can depend on the patient's age, however, research has shown some distinct symptoms that indicate the possibility of aseptic meningitis. A variety of patients notice a change in body temperatures (higher than normal temperatures 38-40 °C), marked with the possibility of vomiting, headaches, firm neck pain ...
Japanese encephalitis ( JE) is an infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). [ 3] While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional inflammation of the brain occurs. [ 3] In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and seizures. [ 1]