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Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [ 1 ] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 ( basophilic) and type 2 ( eosinophilic ).
Renal ultrasonography ( Renal US) is the examination of one or both kidneys using medical ultrasound . Ultrasonography of the kidneys is essential in the diagnosis and management of kidney-related diseases. The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound.
22.1 million (2015) [ 5] Deaths. 16,100 (2015) [ 6] Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material ( renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [ 2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [ 2]
Horseshoe kidney, also known as ren arcuatus (in Latin), renal fusion or super kidney, is a congenital disorder affecting about 1 in 500 people that is more common in men, often asymptomatic, and usually diagnosed incidentally. [ 1][ 2] In this disorder, the patient's kidneys fuse to form a horseshoe -shape during development in the womb.
Pyelogram (or pyelography or urography) is a form of imaging of the renal pelvis and ureter. [ 1] Types include: Intravenous pyelogram – In which a contrast solution is introduced through a vein into the circulatory system. Retrograde pyelogram – Any pyelogram in which contrast medium is introduced from the lower urinary tract and flows ...
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine. [1] In renal physiology, when blood is filtered by the kidney, the filtrate passes through the tubules of the nephron, allowing for exchange of salts, acid equivalents, and other solutes before it drains into the bladder as urine.
003335. Magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-rays or the use of ...
About 76% of kidney stones are partially or entirely of the calcium oxalate type. [6] They form when urine is persistently saturated with calcium and oxalate. Between 1% and 15% of people globally are affected by kidney stones at some point. [13] [14] In 2015, they caused about 16,000 deaths worldwide. [15]