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World War II cryptography. Cryptography was used extensively during World War II because of the importance of radio communication and the ease of radio interception. The nations involved fielded a plethora of code and cipher systems, many of the latter using rotor machines. As a result, the theoretical and practical aspects of cryptanalysis, or ...
The Allied military phonetic spelling alphabets prescribed the words that are used to represent each letter of the alphabet, when spelling other words out loud, letter-by-letter, and how the spelling words should be pronounced for use by the Allies of World War II. They are not a "phonetic alphabet" in the sense in which that term is used in ...
Morse code. Morse code is a telecommunications method which encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations, called dots and dashes, or dits and dahs. [3] [4] Morse code is named after Samuel Morse, one of the early developers of the system adopted for electrical telegraphy .
The Russian Morse code approximates the Morse code for the Latin alphabet. It was enacted by the Russian government in 1856. [ 1][ 2] To memorize the codes, practitioners use mnemonics known as напевы (loosely translated "melodies" or "chants"). The "melody" corresponding to a character is a sung phrase: syllables containing the vowels а ...
Russo-Ukrainian War detailed map. This module is subject to page protection, despite not being in use by a very large number of pages, under a community-imposed topic area restriction. A reliable source for the specific edit should be provided. A well-known source that has a reputation for neutral (not biased) territorial control coverage can ...
The Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939 brought together Ukrainians of the USSR and Ukrainians of what was then Eastern Poland ( Kresy ), under a single Soviet banner. In the territories of Poland invaded by Nazi Germany, the size of the Ukrainian minority became negligible and was gathered mostly around UCC ( УЦК [ uk] ), formed in Kraków. [7]
Signal lamp training during World War II. A signal lamp (sometimes called an Aldis lamp or a Morse lamp [1]) is a visual signaling device for optical communication by flashes of a lamp, typically using Morse code. The idea of flashing dots and dashes from a lantern was first put into practice by Captain Philip Howard Colomb, of the Royal Navy ...
According to the Institute for the Study of War, Ukraine’s counteroffensive made substantial headway from Sept. 4 to Oct. 3 in regaining territory from the northern city of Kharkiv to the border ...