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Panel data. In statistics and econometrics, panel data and longitudinal data[ 1][ 2] are both multi-dimensional data involving measurements over time. Panel data is a subset of longitudinal data where observations are for the same subjects each time. Time series and cross-sectional data can be thought of as special cases of panel data that are ...
Regression analysis. In econometrics, the Arellano–Bond estimator is a generalized method of moments estimator used to estimate dynamic models of panel data. It was proposed in 1991 by Manuel Arellano and Stephen Bond, [ 1] based on the earlier work by Alok Bhargava and John Denis Sargan in 1983, for addressing certain endogeneity problems ...
Panel analysis. Panel ( data) analysis is a statistical method, widely used in social science, epidemiology, and econometrics to analyze two-dimensional (typically cross sectional and longitudinal) panel data. [ 1] The data are usually collected over time and over the same individuals and then a regression is run over these two dimensions.
Differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature. [ 1] Both the sample and reference are maintained at nearly the same temperature throughout the experiment.
Time series. In mathematics, a time series is a series of data points indexed (or listed or graphed) in time order. Most commonly, a time series is a sequence taken at successive equally spaced points in time. Thus it is a sequence of discrete-time data. Examples of time series are heights of ocean tides, counts of sunspots, and the daily ...
Global surface temperature (GST) is the average temperature of Earth 's surface. It is determined nowadays by measuring the temperatures over the ocean and land, and then calculating a weighted average. The temperature over the ocean is called the sea surface temperature. The temperature over land is called the surface air temperature.
Geologic temperature record. The geologic temperature record are changes in Earth 's environment as determined from geologic evidence on multi-million to billion (10 9) year time scales. The study of past temperatures provides an important paleoenvironmental insight because it is a component of the climate and oceanography of the time.
Multidimensional panel data. In econometrics, a multidimensional panel data is data of a phenomenon observed over three or more dimensions. This comes in contrast with panel data, observed over two dimensions (typically, time and cross-sections ). An example is a data set containing forecasts of one or multiple macroeconomic variables produced ...