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Alpha-1 blocker. Alpha-1 blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents or alpha-1 antagonists) constitute a variety of drugs that block the effect of catecholamines on alpha-1-adrenergic receptors. They are mainly used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypertension and post-traumatic stress disorder. [1]
Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin ( A1AT, α1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene. A protease inhibitor, it is also known as alpha1–proteinase inhibitor ( A1PI) or alpha1-antiproteinase ( A1AP) because it inhibits various proteases (not just trypsin ). [5]
Alpha-adrenergic agonists are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses α 1 and α 2 . Alpha 2 receptors are associated with sympatholytic properties.
Alpha blockers work by blocking the effect of nerves in the sympathetic nervous system. This is done by binding to the alpha receptors in smooth muscle or blood vessels. [ 37] α-blockers can bind both reversibly and irreversibly. [ 2] There are several α receptors throughout the body where these drugs can bind.
Tamsulosin is a selective α 1 receptor antagonist that has preferential selectivity for the α 1A receptor in the prostate versus the α 1B receptor in the blood vessels. [25] When alpha 1 receptors in the bladder neck, prostate, ureter, and urethra are blocked, a relaxation in smooth muscle tissue results. [16]
Adrenergic agonist. An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors. The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α 1, α 2, β 1, β 2, and β 3, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively.
alpha-1 ( α1) adrenergic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) associated with the G q heterotrimeric G protein. α 1 -adrenergic receptors are subdivided into three highly homologous subtypes, i.e., α 1A -, α 1B -, and α 1D -adrenergic receptor subtypes. There is no α 1C receptor.
Alpha 1 blockers cause vasodilation by relaxing smooth muscles that control blood vessel diameter, leading to lower blood pressure. [1] FDA-approved uses of these drugs include treating conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, pheochromocytoma, extravasation management, and reversal of local anesthesia.
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