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Air lock. An air lock is a restriction of, or complete stoppage of liquid flow caused by vapour trapped in a high point of a liquid -filled pipe system. The gas, being less dense than the liquid, rises to any high points. This phenomenon is known as vapor lock, or air lock. Flushing the system with high flow or pressures can help move the gas ...
Missing baryon problem (1998 [117] –2017): proclaimed solved in October 2017, with the missing baryons located in hot intergalactic gas. [118] [119] Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (1993 [114] –2003): Long-duration bursts are associated with the deaths of massive stars in a specific kind of supernova-like event commonly referred to as a ...
Two views of the utility graph, also known as the Thomsen graph or. The classical mathematical puzzle known as the three utilities problem or sometimes water, gas and electricity asks for non-crossing connections to be drawn between three houses and three utility companies in the plane. When posing it in the early 20th century, Henry Dudeney ...
Hydronics. Hydronics (from Ancient Greek hydro- 'water') is the use of liquid water or gaseous water ( steam) or a water solution (usually glycol with water) as a heat-transfer medium in heating and cooling systems. [ 1][ 2] The name differentiates such systems from oil and refrigerant systems. Historically, in large-scale commercial buildings ...
Hypocaust. A hypocaust ( Latin: hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes. This air can warm the upper floors as well. [1] The word derives from the Ancient Greek hypo meaning "under ...
In the classical central-force problem of classical mechanics, some potential energy functions () produce motions or orbits that can be expressed in terms of well-known functions, such as the trigonometric functions and elliptic functions. This article describes these functions and the corresponding solutions for the orbits.
Forced convection is a mechanism, or type of transport, in which fluid motion is generated by an external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Alongside natural convection, thermal radiation, and thermal conduction it is one of the methods of heat transfer and allows significant amounts of heat energy to be transported very efficiently.
Heat equation. Animated plot of the evolution of the temperature in a square metal plate as predicted by the heat equation. The height and redness indicate the temperature at each point. The initial state has a uniformly hot hoof-shaped region (red) surrounded by uniformly cold region (yellow). As time passes the heat diffuses into the cold region.