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Languages spoken in the Republic of India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 78.05% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 19.64% of Indians; [ 5][ 6] both families together are sometimes known as Indic languages. [ 7][ 8][ 9][ a] Languages spoken by the remaining 2.31% of the ...
India has a Greenberg's diversity index of 0.914—i.e. two people selected at random from the country will have different native languages in 91.4% of cases. [11] As per the 2011 Census of India, languages by highest number of speakers are as follows: Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Urdu, Kannada, Odia, Malayalam. [12] [13]
1950: 14 languages were initially included in the Constitution. [ 24] 1967: Sindhi was added by 21st Constitutional Amendment Act. [ 25] 1992: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali were added by 71st Constitutional Amendment Act [ 26] 2003: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santali were added by 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.
Austroasiatic languages include the Santal and Munda languages of eastern India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, and the Mon–Khmer languages spoken by the Khasi and Nicobarese in India and in Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and southern China. The Austroasiatic languages arrived in east India around 4000-3500 ago from Southeast Asia. [99]
Bengali. Hindi. Santali. Urdu. Nepali. States and union territories of India by the most commonly spoken languages, among which most are scheduled but some are not scheduled languages, like Ao of Nagaland, Khasi of Meghalaya, Ladakhi of Ladakh, Mizo of Mizoram and Nyishi of Arunachal Pradesh. Exceptionally, Mizo attains state level official ...
The Linguistic Survey of India ( LSI) is a comprehensive survey of the languages of British India, describing 364 languages and dialects. [ 1] The Survey was first proposed by George Abraham Grierson, a member of the Indian Civil Service and a linguist who attended the Seventh International Oriental Congress held at Vienna in September 1886.
States and union territories of India by the most spoken language [3] [a]. The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India where various Northern, Central, Eastern and Western Indo-Aryan languages are spoken, which in a broader sense is termed as Hindi languages, with Standard Hindi (based on Dehlavi ...
The Official Languages Act, 1963 which came into effect on 26 January 1965, made provision for the continuation of English as an official language alongside Hindi. [2] In 1968, the official language resolution was passed by the Parliament of India. As per the resolution, the Government of India was obligated to take measures for the development ...