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Beaufort cipher. The Beaufort cipher, invented by some Giovanni Sestri in early 18th century but widely attributed to Sir Francis Beaufort, [1] is a substitution cipher similar to the Vigenère cipher, with a slightly modified enciphering mechanism and tableau. [2] Its most famous application was in a rotor-based cipher machine, the Hagelin M ...
Poem code. The poem code is a simple and insecure, cryptographic method which was used during World War II by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) to communicate with their agents in Nazi-occupied Europe. The method works by having the sender and receiver pre-arranging a poem to use. The sender chooses a set number of words at random ...
The M-209. In cryptography, the M-209, designated CSP-1500 by the United States Navy ( C-38 by the manufacturer) is a portable, mechanical cipher machine used by the US military primarily in World War II, though it remained in active use through the Korean War. The M-209 was designed by Swedish cryptographer Boris Hagelin in response to a ...
Running key cipher. In classical cryptography, the running key cipher is a type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher in which a text, typically from a book, is used to provide a very long keystream. The earliest description of such a cipher was given in 1892 by French mathematician Arthur Joseph Hermann (better known for founding Éditions ...
Classical cipher. In cryptography, a classical cipher is a type of cipher that was used historically but for the most part, has fallen into disuse. In contrast to modern cryptographic algorithms, most classical ciphers can be practically computed and solved by hand. However, they are also usually very simple to break with modern technology.
A disk cipher device of the Jefferson type from the 2nd quarter of the 19th century in the National Cryptologic Museum. The Jefferson disk, also called the Bazeries cylinder or wheel cypher, [1] was a cipher system commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson that uses a set of wheels or disks, each with letters of the alphabet arranged around their edge in an order, which is different for each ...
Confusion in a symmetric cipher is obscuring the local correlation between the input ( plaintext ), and output ( ciphertext) by varying the application of the key to the data, while diffusion is hiding the plaintext statistics by spreading it over a larger area of ciphertext. [ 2] Although ciphers can be confusion-only ( substitution cipher ...
Autokey cipher. An autokey cipher (also known as the autoclave cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from the message in some automated fashion, sometimes by selecting certain letters from the text or, more commonly, by adding a short primer key to the front of the message.