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Capsaicin ( 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) ( / kæpˈseɪsɪn / or / kæpˈseɪəsɪn /) is an active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus Capsicum. It is a chemical irritant for mammals, including humans, and produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact.
A hot water solution containing 73.1% (mass) of NaOH is a eutectic that solidifies at about 62.63 °C as an intimate mix of anhydrous and monohydrate crystals. [19] [18] A second stable eutectic composition is 45.4% (mass) of NaOH, that solidifies at about 4.9 °C into a mixture of crystals of the dihydrate and of the 3.5-hydrate. [11]
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [23] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [24]
Lye. A lye is an alkali metal hydroxide. Traditionally, it was obtained by using rainwater to leach wood ashes, which are strongly alkaline and highly soluble in water, of their potassium hydroxide (KOH), producing lye water, a caustic basic solution. Then the lye water would either be used as such, as for curing olives before brining them, or ...
Water intoxication, also known as water poisoning, hyperhydration, overhydration or water toxemia is a potentially fatal disturbance in brain functions that can result when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake. Under normal circumstances, accidentally consuming too much water is ...
Contact process. The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes. Platinum was originally used as the catalyst for this reaction; however, as it is susceptible to reacting with arsenic impurities in the sulfur feedstock, vanadium (V) oxide (V 2 O 5) is now preferred.
Foodborne illness (also called food poisoning) occurs when we ingest harmful bacteria, chemicals, viruses or parasites. That happens when our food is contaminated, and it can happen in a number of ...
Toxicology. Thallium poisoning is poisoning that is due to thallium and its compounds, which are often highly toxic. [ 1] Contact with skin is dangerous and adequate ventilation should be provided when melting this metal. [ 2] Many thallium compounds are highly soluble in water and are readily absorbed through the skin. [ 3]