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A saturated water solution, of about 40% formaldehyde by volume or 37% by mass, is called "100% formalin". A small amount of stabilizer, such as methanol, is usually added to suppress oxidation and polymerization. A typical commercial-grade formalin may contain 10–12% methanol in addition to various metallic impurities.
A definite diagnosis can be made if botulinum toxin is identified in the food, stomach or intestinal contents, vomit or feces. The toxin is occasionally found in the blood in peracute cases. Botulinum toxin can be detected by a variety of techniques, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) tests and ...
Deliberate cyanide poisoning of humans has occurred many times throughout history. [44] Common salts such as sodium cyanide are involatile but water-soluble, so are poisonous by ingestion. Hydrogen cyanide is a gas, making it more indiscriminately dangerous, however it is lighter than air and rapidly disperses up into the atmosphere, which ...
Unpasteurized juices. Prepared salads (especially with creamy dressings) Raw sprouts. Unwashed fruits and vegetables. While some measures can help make some of these items safer — such as ...
It is classified as a polyalcohol and a sugar alcohol, specifically an alditol. The name derives from Ancient Greek: ξύλον, xyl [on] 'wood', with the suffix -itol used to denote it being a sugar alcohol. Xylitol is used as a food additive and sugar substitute. Its European Union code number is E967. [ 3]
Sorbitol ( / ˈsɔː ( r) bɪtɒl / ), less commonly known as glucitol ( / ˈɡluːsɪtɒl / ), is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained by reduction of glucose, which changes the converted aldehyde group (−CHO) to a primary alcohol group (−CH 2 OH). Most sorbitol is made from potato ...
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a highly potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [23] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction, thus causing flaccid paralysis. [24]
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute. As the majority of ingested sucralose is not metabolized by the body, it adds very little food energy (14 kJ [3.3 kcal] per gram). [ 3] In the European Union, it is also known under the E number E955. It is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy ...