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The EFF's DES cracker "Deep Crack" custom microchip. In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed " Deep Crack ") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998, to perform a brute force search of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher's key space – that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every ...
Software cracking. Software cracking (known as "breaking" mostly in the 1980s [ 1]) is an act of removing copy protection from a software. [ 2] Copy protection can be removed by applying a specific crack. A crack can mean any tool that enables breaking software protection, a stolen product key, or guessed password.
In cryptography, Derived Unique Key Per Transaction ( DUKPT) is a key management scheme in which for every transaction, a unique key is used which is derived from a fixed key. Therefore, if a derived key is compromised, future and past transaction data are still protected since the next or prior keys cannot be determined easily.
Argon2. Argon2 is a key derivation function that was selected as the winner of the 2015 Password Hashing Competition. [ 1][ 2] It was designed by Alex Biryukov, Daniel Dinu, and Dmitry Khovratovich from the University of Luxembourg. [ 3]
ROT13 ( Rotate13, " rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter after it in the Latin alphabet. ROT13 is a special case of the Caesar cipher which was developed in ancient Rome. Because there are 26 letters (2×13) in the basic Latin alphabet, ROT13 is ...
XOR cipher. In cryptography, the simple XOR cipher is a type of additive cipher, [ 1] an encryption algorithm that operates according to the principles: A 0 = A, A A = 0, A B = B A, (A B) C = A (B C), (B A) A = B 0 = B, For example where denotes the exclusive disjunction (XOR) operation. [ 2] This operation is sometimes called modulus 2 ...
Password cracking. In cryptanalysis and computer security, password cracking is the process of guessing passwords [ 1] protecting a computer system. A common approach ( brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [ 2]
Comparison of implementations of message authentication code (MAC) algorithms. A MAC is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed in transit (its integrity). Implementation. HMAC - MD5. HMAC- SHA1.