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Serial-position effect is the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items in a series best, and the middle items worst. [1] The term was coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus through studies he performed on himself, and refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list. [ 2 ]
Serial-order also helps us remember the order of events in our lives, our autobiographical memories. Our memory of our past appears to exist on a continuum on which more recent events are more easily remembered in order. [21] Serial recall in long-term memory (LTM) differs from serial recall in short-term memory (STM). To store a sequence in ...
Free recall is a common task in the psychological study of memory. In this task, participants study a list of items on each trial, and then are prompted to recall the items in any order. [1] Items are usually presented one at a time for a short duration, and can be any of a number of nameable materials, although traditionally, words from a ...
Recall test. In cognitive psychology, a recall test is a test of memory of mind in which participants are presented with stimuli and then, after a delay, are asked to remember as many of the stimuli as possible. [1] : 123 Memory performance can be indicated by measuring the percentage of stimuli the participant was able to recall.
The Von Restorff effect, also known as the " isolation effect ", predicts that when multiple homogeneous stimuli are presented, the stimulus that differs from the rest is more likely to be remembered. [1] The theory was coined by German psychiatrist and pediatrician Hedwig von Restorff (1906–1962), who, in her 1933 study, found that when ...
Early selection models of attention. The early selection model of attention, proposed by Broadbent, [ 1] posits that stimuli are filtered, or selected to be attended to, at an early stage during processing. A filter can be regarded as the selector of relevant information based on basic features, such as color, pitch, or direction of stimuli.
Attention or focus, is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. [ 1] It is the selective concentration on discrete information, either subjectively or objectively. William James (1890) wrote that "Attention is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several ...
Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that when perceiving a stimulus, features are "registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately" and at a later stage in processing. The theory has been one of the most influential ...