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Gluten is a structural protein naturally found in certain cereal grains. [ 1] The term gluten usually refers to the elastic network of a wheat grain's proteins, gliadin and glutenin primarily, that forms readily with the addition of water and often kneading in the case of bread dough. [ 2]
Gluten-free diet. A gluten-free diet ( GFD) is a nutritional plan that strictly excludes gluten, which is a mixture of prolamin proteins found in wheat (and all of its species and hybrids, such as spelt, kamut, and triticale ), as well as barley, rye, and oats. [1] The inclusion of oats in a gluten-free diet remains controversial, and may ...
Coeliac disease ( British English) or celiac disease ( American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye and barley. [ 10] Classic symptoms include gastrointestinal problems such as chronic diarrhoea, abdominal ...
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity ( NCGS) or gluten sensitivity [14] is a controversial disorder which can cause both gastrointestinal and other problems. NCGS is included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. [3] [4] The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity were debated and established by three consensus ...
Gluten-related disorders is the term for the diseases triggered by gluten, including celiac disease (CD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), gluten ataxia, dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and wheat allergy. [ 1][ 2] The umbrella category has also been referred to as gluten intolerance, though a multi-disciplinary physician-led study, based in ...
Gluten-sensitive enteropathy–associated conditions. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy–associated conditions are comorbidities or complications of gluten-related gastrointestinal distress (that is, gluten-sensitive enteropathy or GSE). GSE has key symptoms typically restricted to the bowel and associated tissues; however, there are a wide variety ...
Glutenin (a type of glutelin) is a major protein within wheat flour, making up 47% of the total protein content.The glutenins are protein aggregates of high-molecular-mass (HMW) and low-molecular-mass (LMW) subunits with molar masses from about 200,000 to a few million, which are stabilized by intermolecular disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions and other forces.
A gluten-free casein-free diet ( GFCF diet ), also known as a gluten-free dairy-free diet ( GFDF diet ), is a diet that does not include gluten (found most often in wheat, barley, and rye ), and casein (found most often in milk and dairy products ). Despite an absence of scientific evidence, there have been advocates for the use of this diet as ...