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In probability theory, the coupon collector's problem refers to mathematical analysis of "collect all coupons and win" contests. It asks the following question: if each box of a given product (e.g., breakfast cereals) contains a coupon, and there are n different types of coupons, what is the probability that more than t boxes need to be bought ...
Coupon. In marketing, a coupon is a ticket or document that can be redeemed for a financial discount or rebate when purchasing a product . Customarily, coupons are issued by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods [1] or by retailers, to be used in retail stores as a part of sales promotions. They are often widely distributed through mail ...
Diagram. A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques. Diagrams have been used since prehistoric times on walls of caves, but became more prevalent during the Enlightenment. [1] Sometimes, the technique uses a three-dimensional visualization which is then projected onto a two-dimensional surface.
Plot (graphics) A plot is a graphical technique for representing a data set, usually as a graph showing the relationship between two or more variables. The plot can be drawn by hand or by a computer. In the past, sometimes mechanical or electronic plotters were used.
The lexicographic product of graphs. In graph theory, the lexicographic product or (graph) composition G ∙ H of graphs G and H is a graph such that. the vertex set of G ∙ H is the cartesian product V (G) × V (H); and. any two vertices (u,v) and (x,y) are adjacent in G ∙ H if and only if either u is adjacent to x in G or u = x and v is ...
Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph, where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. The chart is named for the Pareto principle, which, in turn, derives its name from Vilfredo Pareto, a noted Italian economist.
Rooted product of graphs. In mathematical graph theory, the rooted product of a graph G and a rooted graph H is defined as follows: take |V ( G) | copies of H, and for every vertex vi of G, identify vi with the root node of the i -th copy of H . More formally, assuming that. and that the root node of H is h1, define. where. and.
In graph theory, a graph product is a binary operation on graphs. Specifically, it is an operation that takes two graphs G 1 and G 2 and produces a graph H with the following properties: The vertex set of H is the Cartesian product V ( G 1 ) × V ( G 2 ) , where V ( G 1 ) and V ( G 2 ) are the vertex sets of G 1 and G 2 , respectively.