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Industrial relations examines various employment situations, not just ones with a unionized workforce. However, according to Bruce E. Kaufman, "To a large degree, most scholars regard trade unionism, collective bargaining and labour–management relations, and the national labour policy and labour law within which they are embedded, as the core subjects of the field."
Abraham Lincoln, First Annual Message (1861) Like slavery, common law repression of labor unions was slow to be undone. In 1806, Commonwealth v. Pullis held that a Philadelphia shoemakers union striking for higher wages was an illegal "conspiracy", even though corporations —combinations of employers—were lawful. Unions still formed and acted. The first federation of unions, the National ...
Rights. Labor rights or workers' rights are both legal rights and human rights relating to labor relations between workers and employers. These rights are codified in national and international labor and employment law. In general, these rights influence working conditions in the relations of employment.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937) upholding the legality of the minimum wage, reversing Adkins. United States v. Darby Lumber Co., 312 U.S. 100 (1941) held that all labor standards could be regulated consistently with the Commerce Clause, reversing Hammer. Fair Employment Practices Commission (1941) Employment Act of 1946.
National Labor Relations Act of 1935 § 7 Under section 8 (29 U.S.C. § 158) the law defines a set of prohibited actions by employers, employees, and unions, known as an unfair labor practice. The first five unfair labor practices aimed at employers are in section 8(a). These are, (a)(1) "to interfere with, restrain, or coerce employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in section 7 ...
When an "employee is, or will be, no longer required by his or her employer to perform the work, or part of the work, performed by the employee" (section 69C) an employee may be made redundant. Not only does an employer need genuine business reasons for a redundancy, they must follow a fair procedure. Based on case law, fair procedure includes:
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws ), labour code or employment laws are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer, and union. Individual labour law concerns employees' rights at work also ...
International labour law is the body of rules spanning public and private international law which concern the rights and duties of employees, employers, trade unions and governments in regulating Work (human activity) and the workplace. The International Labour Organization and the World Trade Organization have been the main international ...