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An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum operating temperature to the maximum operating temperature (or peak operating ...
The temperature at which a chemical ignites decreases as the pressure is increased. Substances which spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere at naturally ambient temperatures are termed pyrophoric. Autoignition temperatures of liquid chemicals are typically measured using a 500-millilitre (18 imp fl oz; 17 US fl oz) flask placed in a ...
Radiators are heat exchangers used for cooling internal combustion engines, mainly in automobiles but also in piston-engined aircraft, railway locomotives, motorcycles, stationary generating plants or any similar use of such an engine. Internal combustion engines are often cooled by circulating a liquid called engine coolant through the engine ...
The efficiency of an engine is defined as ratio of the useful work done to the heat provided. where, is the heat absorbed and is the work done. Please note that the term work done relates to the power delivered at the clutch or at the driveshaft . This means the friction and other losses are subtracted from the work done by thermodynamic expansion.
Oxygen sensor. An oxygen sensor (or lambda sensor, where lambda refers to air–fuel equivalence ratio, usually denoted by λ) or probe or sond, is an electronic device that measures the proportion of oxygen (O 2) in the gas or liquid being analyzed. It was developed by Robert Bosch GmbH during the late 1960s under the supervision of Günter ...
The thermal efficiency of a heat engine is the percentage of heat energy that is transformed into work. Thermal efficiency is defined as. The efficiency of even the best heat engines is low; usually below 50% and often far below. So the energy lost to the environment by heat engines is a major waste of energy resources.
Mass flow sensor. A mass (air) flow sensor ( MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine . The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air changes its density with temperature and pressure.
SAE J300 is a standard that defines the viscometric properties of mono- and multigrade engine oils, maintained by SAE International. [ 1] Key parameters for engine oil viscometrics are the oil's kinematic viscosity, its high temperature-high shear viscosity measured by the tapered bearing simulator, and low temperature properties measured by ...