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Greatest common divisor. In mathematics, the greatest common divisor ( GCD) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. For two integers x, y, the greatest common divisor of x and y is denoted . For example, the GCD of 8 and 12 is 4, that is, gcd (8, 12) = 4. [ 1][ 2]
The greatest common divisor g of a and b is the unique (positive) common divisor of a and b that is divisible by any other common divisor c. [6] The greatest common divisor can be visualized as follows. [7] Consider a rectangular area a by b, and any common divisor c that divides both a and b exactly.
In mathematics, factorization (or factorisation, see English spelling differences) or factoring consists of writing a number or another mathematical object as a product of several factors, usually smaller or simpler objects of the same kind. For example, 3 × 5 is an integer factorization of 15, and (x – 2) (x + 2) is a polynomial ...
Bézout's identity. In mathematics, Bézout's identity (also called Bézout's lemma ), named after Étienne Bézout who proved it for polynomials, is the following theorem : Bézout's identity — Let a and b be integers with greatest common divisor d. Then there exist integers x and y such that ax + by = d. Moreover, the integers of the form ...
Resultant. In mathematics, the resultant of two polynomials is a polynomial expression of their coefficients that is equal to zero if and only if the polynomials have a common root (possibly in a field extension ), or, equivalently, a common factor (over their field of coefficients).
An integral domain is a UFD if and only if it is a GCD domain (i.e., a domain where every two elements have a greatest common divisor) satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal ideals. An integral domain is a Bézout domain if and only if any two elements in it have a gcd that is a linear combination of the two.
Definition. Formally, a unique factorization domain is defined to be an integral domain R in which every non-zero element x of R can be written as a product of a unit u and zero or more irreducible elements pi of R : x = u p1 p2 ⋅⋅⋅ pn with n ≥ 0.
In arithmetic, Euclidean division – or division with remainder – is the process of dividing one integer (the dividend) by another (the divisor), in a way that produces an integer quotient and a natural number remainder strictly smaller than the absolute value of the divisor. A fundamental property is that the quotient and the remainder ...