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It was found that coolant temperature increased by almost 20 °C (36 °F) during the first four hours, regardless of the initial temperature. Four tests were run at ambient temperatures ranging from −29 to −11 °C (−20 to 12 °F); continued use of the heater for up to two hours more only further increased the temperature by up to 3 °C (5 ...
Once at optimum temperature, the thermostat controls the flow of engine coolant to the radiator so that the engine continues to operate at optimum temperature. Under peak load conditions, such as driving slowly up a steep hill whilst heavily laden on a hot day, the thermostat will be approaching fully open because the engine will be producing ...
The resulting five-character code, e.g. "U0158", can be looked up in a table of OBD-II DTCs to get an actual description of what it represents. Of note, whilst some blocks of DTC code ranges have generic meanings that apply to all vehicles and manufacturers, the meanings of others can vary per manufacturer or even model.
However, properties of the coolant (water, oil, or air) also affect cooling. As example which compares water and oil as coolants, one gram of oil can absorb about 55% of the heat for the same rise in temperature (called the specific heat capacity). Oil has about 90% the density of water, so a given volume of oil can absorb only about 50% of the ...
1963–1967 [ 2] First Volvo Car plant outside Sweden [ 3] Assembly [ 2] Canada. Third non-domestic automobile plant in North America. Debut model: Volvo Canadian [ 4] Canadian assembly shifted to Halifax Plant (1967) [ 2] Ghent Plant. Volvo Car Gent.
Oil cooling. Oil cooling is the use of engine oil as a coolant, typically to remove surplus heat from an internal combustion engine. The hot engine transfers heat to the oil which then usually passes through a heat-exchanger, typically a type of radiator known as an oil cooler. The cooled oil flows back into the hot object to cool it continuously.
The Volvo Engine Architecture[ 13 ] ( VEA) is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde, [ 30 ] Sweden, since 2013, [ 31 ] Zhangjiakou, [ 32 ] China since 2016 [ 33 ] and Tanjung Malim, Malaysia since 2022 by Proton. [ 34 ]
Front-engine, four-wheel-drive. The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60, S60 Cross Country, V60, and V60 Cross Country. The first generation model introduced a new style for the 60 Series models.