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t. e. Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome ( BZD withdrawal) is the cluster of signs and symptoms that may emerge when a person who has been taking benzodiazepines as prescribed develops a physical dependence on them and then reduces the dose or stops taking them without a safe taper schedule .
Clozapine is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic (also called second-generation antipsychotic) to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
Maintenance therapy with antipsychotic drugs is clearly superior to placebo in preventing relapse but is associated with weight gain, movement disorders, and high dropout rates. [38] A 3-year trial following persons receiving maintenance therapy after an acute psychotic episode found that 33% obtained long-lasting symptom reduction, 13% ...
Weight gain [18] There has been a study that suggests antipsychotics are associated with possible cortical reconfiguration and gray matter loss, but correlational data also suggests patients who consume antipsychotics, like people with schizophrenia, tend to engage in unhealthy habits like smoking which may exacerbate gray matter loss. [19]
Produces roughly as much weight gain as risperidone, less weight gain than clozapine, olanzapine and zotepine and more weight gain than ziprasidone, lurasidone, aripiprazole and asenapine. [20] As with many other atypical antipsychotics, this action is likely due to its actions at the H 1 histamine receptor and 5-HT 2C receptor .
According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects. [26] With more than 6 months of use 14 percent of users gain weight. [38] Haloperidol may be neurotoxic. [39] Common (>1% incidence) Extrapyramidal side effects including:
Risperidone. Risperidone, sold under the brand name Risperdal among others, is an atypical antipsychotic [ 2] used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. [ 2] It is taken either by mouth or by injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular). [ 2] The injectable versions are long-acting and last for 2–4 weeks.
Prochlorperazine is thought to exert its antipsychotic effects by blocking dopamine receptors. [29] Prochlorperazine is analogous to chlorpromazine; both of these agents antagonize dopaminergic D 2 receptors in various pathways of the central nervous system. This D 2 blockade results in antipsychotic, antiemetic and other effects.