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In the absence of Graves' ophthalmopathy, patients may demonstrate other ophthalmic symptoms and signs due to hyperthyroidism: Dry eyes (due to loss of corneal moisture). [24] A sense of irritation, discomfort, or pain in the eyes. A tingling sensation behind the eyes or the feeling of grit or sand in the eyes.
Euthyroid sick syndrome ( ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [ 1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders ...
Theca lutein cyst is a type of bilateral functional ovarian cyst filled with clear, straw-colored fluid. These cysts result from exaggerated physiological stimulation (hyperreactio luteinalis) due to elevated levels of beta- human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) or hypersensitivity to beta-hCG. [ 1][ 2] On ultrasound and MRI, theca lutein ...
Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, occurs when the pituitary gland is damaged due to significant blood loss and hypovolemic shock (ischemic necrosis) usually during or after childbirth leading to decreased functioning of the pituitary gland ( hypopituitarism ). [ 1] The pituitary gland is an endocrine organ ...
Thyroid storm is a severe form of thyrotoxicosis characterized by rapid and often irregular heart beat, high temperature, vomiting, diarrhea, and mental agitation. Symptoms may not be typical in the young, old, or pregnant. [2] It usually occurs due to untreated hyperthyroidism and can be provoked by infections. [2]
Hypothyroidism is common in pregnancy with an estimated prevalence of 2-3% and 0.3-0.5% for subclinical and overt hypothyroidism respectively. [8] Endemic iodine deficiency accounts for most hypothyroidism in pregnant women worldwide while chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient parts of the world.
Congenital iodine deficiency syndrome ( CIDS) is a medical condition present at birth marked by impaired physical and mental development, due to insufficient thyroid hormone ( hypothyroidism) often caused by insufficient dietary iodine during pregnancy. It is one cause of underactive thyroid function at birth, called congenital hypothyroidism ...
Hypopituitarism is the decreased ( hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain. [ 1][ 2] If there is decreased secretion of one specific pituitary hormone, the condition is known as selective hypopituitarism. [ 3] If there is decreased secretion of most or all pituitary ...