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The unit commitment problem ( UC) in electrical power production is a large family of mathematical optimization problems where the production of a set of electrical generators is coordinated in order to achieve some common target, usually either matching the energy demand at minimum cost or maximizing revenue from electricity production.
Electric generator. U.S. NRC image of a modern steam turbine generator (STG). In electricity generation, a generator[ 1] is a device that converts motion-based power ( potential and kinetic energy) or fuel-based power ( chemical energy) into electric power for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas ...
The F-1 is a rocket engine developed by Rocketdyne. The engine uses a gas-generator cycle developed in the United States in the late 1950s and was used in the Saturn V rocket in the 1960s and early 1970s. Five F-1 engines were used in the S-IC first stage of each Saturn V, which served as the main launch vehicle of the Apollo program.
Overall, internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles averaged 180 PP100 (or 180 problems per 100 vehicles), while battery electric vehicles (BEVs) averaged a whopping 266 PP100, 86 points higher ...
In an electrical grid, the short circuit ratio (or SCR) is the ratio of the short circuit apparent power (SCMVA) in the case of a line-line-line-ground (3LG) fault at the location in the grid where some generator is connected to the power rating of the generator itself (GMW). Since the power that can be delivered by the grid varies by location ...
A permanent magnet synchronous generator is a generator where the excitation field is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a coil. The term synchronous refers here to the fact that the rotor and magnetic field rotate with the same speed, because the magnetic field is generated through a shaft-mounted permanent magnet mechanism, and current is induced into the stationary armature.
The Cummins L-series engine is a straight-six diesel engine designed and produced by Cummins. It displaces 8.9 litres (543.1 cu in), and began production in 1982 as the L10 at the Jamestown Engine Plant in Jamestown, New York. After lengthening its stroke from 136 to 147 mm, its displacement was enlarged to 10.8 litres and the engine renamed ...
Horsepower. One imperial horsepower lifts 550 pounds (250 kg) by 1 foot (30 cm) in 1 second. Horsepower ( hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower.