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  2. Caesar cipher - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher

    Caesar cipher. The action of a Caesar cipher is to replace each plaintext letter with a different one a fixed number of places down the alphabet. The cipher illustrated here uses a left shift of 3, so that (for example) each occurrence of E in the plaintext becomes B in the ciphertext. In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's ...

  3. Translator (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translator_(computing)

    A translator or programming language processor is a computer program that converts the programming instructions written in human convenient form into machine language codes that the computers understand and process. It is a generic term that can refer to a compiler, assembler, or interpreter —anything that converts code from one computer ...

  4. Source-to-source compiler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source-to-source_compiler

    v. t. e. A source-to-source translator, source-to-source compiler ( S2S compiler ), transcompiler, or transpiler[ 1][ 2][ 3] is a type of translator that takes the source code of a program written in a programming language as its input and produces an equivalent source code in the same or a different programming language.

  5. Interpreter (computing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)

    Interpreters were used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support for floating point numbers). Interpreters were also used to translate between low-level machine languages, allowing code to be written for machines that were still under ...

  6. Assembly language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language

    In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language [1] or symbolic machine code), [2] [3] [4] often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. [5]

  7. Third-generation programming language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation...

    A third-generation programming language ( 3GL) is a high-level computer programming language that tends to be more machine-independent and programmer-friendly than the machine code of the first-generation and assembly languages of the second-generation, while having a less specific focus to the fourth and fifth generations. [ 1]

  8. Translation unit (programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_unit_(programming)

    In C and C++ programming language terminology, a translation unit (or more casually a compilation unit) is the ultimate input to a C or C++ compiler from which an object file is generated. [ 1] A translation unit roughly consists of a source file after it has been processed by the C preprocessor, meaning that header files listed in #include ...

  9. C-- - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C--

    C--. C-- (pronounced C minus minus) is a C -like programming language, designed to be generated mainly by compilers for high-level languages rather than written by human programmers. It was created by functional programming researchers Simon Peyton Jones and Norman Ramsey.