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List of programming languages. This is an index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A programming language does not need to be imperative or Turing-complete, but must be executable and so does not include markup languages such ...
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game site warns against over-generalizing from benchmark data, but contains a large number of micro-benchmarks of reader-contributed code snippets, with an interface that generates various charts and tables comparing specific programming languages and types of tests.
Guile. Emacs Lisp. JavaScript and some dialects, e.g., JScript. Lua (embedded in many games) OpenCL (extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU) OptimJ (extension of Java with language support for writing optimization models and powerful abstractions for bulk data processing) Perl.
In most practical contexts, a programming language involves a computer; consequently, programming languages are usually defined and studied this way. [11] Programming languages differ from natural languages in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate instructions to machines.
A computer language is a formal language used to communicate with a computer. Types of computer languages include: Construction language – all forms of communication by which a human can specify an executable problem solution to a computer. Command language – a language used to control the tasks of the computer itself, such as starting ...
The first functioning programming languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer were written in the early 1950s. John Mauchly 's Short Code, proposed in 1949, was one of the first high-level languages ever developed for an electronic computer. [ 8] Unlike machine code, Short Code statements represented mathematical expressions in ...
Languages that interpret the end of line to be the end of a statement are called "line-oriented" languages. "Line continuation" is a convention in line-oriented languages where the newline character could potentially be misinterpreted as a statement terminator. In such languages, it allows a single statement to span more than just one line.
Comparison ofprogramming languages. This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages . Brief definitions. A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names. A structural type system means that ...