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Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. It is used in eye drops as a cycloplegic (to temporarily paralyze accommodation ), and as a mydriatic (to dilate the pupil ).
Atropine, a tropane alkaloid, is an enantiomeric mixture of d - hyoscyamine and l -hyoscyamine, with most of its physiological effects due to l -hyoscyamine. Its pharmacological effects are due to binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. It is an antimuscarinic agent.
Homatropine methylbromide ( INN; also known as methylhomatropine bromide) is a quaternary ammonium salt of methylhomatropine. It is a peripherally acting anticholinergic medication that inhibits muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. It does not cross the blood–brain barrier.
[1] [2] It contains hydrocodone, as the bitartrate, an opioid agonist; and homatropine, as the methylbromide, a muscarinic antagonist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is taken by mouth . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Dextromethorphan is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of levomethorphan, which is the methyl ether of levorphanol, both opioid analgesics. It is named according to IUPAC rules as (+)-3-methoxy-17-methyl-9α,13α,14α- morphinan. As its pure form, dextromethorphan occurs as an odorless, opalescent white powder.
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Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic μ-opioid agonist. As a hydrogenated ketone of morphine, it shares the pharmacologic properties typical of opioid analgesics. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Parasympathomimetic drug. A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug[ 1] or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, [ 2] is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS). [ 3][ 2] These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine (ACh) is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS ...